SS Sheaf Water

Above ... The Sheaf Water with a full deck cargo. Of note ... Along the top of the hull wall can be seen the inward curve as detailed below in the cross section diagram of the hold area.

SHEAF WATER

Type ... Cargo, machinery midships, plumb bow, cruiser stern, arch deck

Position ... 52 48 608 N / 001 37 19 E

Official number ... 148115

Built ... 1925

Tonnage ... Gross 2730 / Underdeck 2438 / Net 1617

Construction ... Steel

Builder ... Blyth Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co Ltd

Dimensions ... 320.2 x 42.9 x 24.3 feet / Poop deck 21 feet / forecastle 26 feet

Engine builder ... North Eastern Marine

Engine ... Three cylinder triple expansion. Cylinders HP 23.5 / IP 38 / LP 64 x 42 inch stroke / 323 nhp

Boilers ... X2 cylindrical single ended / x4 corrugated furnaces per boiler / working pressure 180 lbs

Boiler dimensions ... Diameter 16 feet 3 inches / length 11 feet

Propeller ... Diameter 15 feet / pitch 18 feet / blades 4

Lost ... 7th October 1942

Cause ... Torpedo

Lives lost ...  0

Depth ... 16mtrs


Ownership ... Built in 1925 for the Sheaf Steam Shipping Company of Akenside House, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. The company retained ownership of the Sheaf Water up until the time of the vessels loss. From the time of build up until the time of loss the Sheaf Water was managed by W. A. Souter & Co, the company also being registered at Akenside House, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne.

Blyth Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co Ltd, builders of the Sheaf Water.  On the 2nd March 1883 the Blyth Shipbuilding & Dry Docks Co was registered as a limited liability company. The company built liners, tramp steamers and colliers. In 1914 a cargo ship that was under construction was purchased by the admiralty and converted into a aircraft carrier, namely the Ark Royal. During WW1 the company built various naval vessels for the Admiralty. After the war the company returned to the construction of civilian merchant vessels. Due to the post war slump and collapse of the freight market the yard shut.

In November 1926 Robert Stanley Dalgleish, a Newcastle ship owner purchased Blyth Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. The yards name was changed to the Cowpen Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co and was later almalgamated with Ritson's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. After completing a number of vessels, the yard closed in 1930. 

1937 saw the yard reopen under its former name. During WW11 the company was for the most part engaged in the building of British Naval vessels. In 1967, due to the company having run at a loss for five years, the yard closed its doors for the last time.

North Eastern Marine (Sunderland), builders of the Sheaf Water's Engine

Formed in 1867 by John Frederick Spencer, the North Eastern Marine engineering Company were Marine engine builders of Sunderland. In 1882, the Northumberland engine works and forge were established by the company at Wallsend. In 1889, the combined efforts of both the Sunderland works and the Wallsend works had supplied in the region of 100 triple expansion engines to various ship builders. In 1909 the company were the first to install an electrically operated cantilever crane in the North East of England. In 1938, N.E.M was, along with George Clark, another engineering company aquired by Richardson Westgarth and Co and became Clark & NEM Ltd, this in turn becoming part of the Richardson Wetgarth Group.

Below ... Cross sectional diagram of the one of the holds of the Sheaf Water

Arch deck as incorporated in the design of the Sheaf Water... During the age of steam there were many innovations in hull design, these ranging from corrugated hulls, arc-form hulls and arch decks but to mention a few. The Sheaf Water was of an arch deck construction. The primary objective of a arch deck design was to redistribute the steel of the hull in a more economical way and in turn reduce the weight of the hull and offer greater strength in the hull as a whole. The main feature of the arch deck design was that the deck had a reversed sheer. The sheer on a conventional vessel would mean that the decking at the bow and stern would incorporate a gradual upward gradiant towards the extreme of the bow and stern. As stated the sheer on a arch decked vessel would be in reverse, ie the vessels deck midships would be greater in height than that of the bow and stern, this inturn showing itself as a longitudinal arch from bow to stern, hence the name arch decked. The advantage of the reverse sheer is that it added extra strength to the hull. Due to the extra strength provided by the arch the holds could be constructed without the use of pillars and various beams as would have been required in a traditionally built hull. The result of this as can be seen in the diagram was that the design in turn offered an open hold space. The arch type hull though originally designed for colliers, ie the transport of coal also offered itself equally suitable for the transportation of grain, timber and all manner of general cargoes. This being a result of the open hull construction. Another feature incorporated in to the Sheaf Water's hull can also be seen in the diagram. Viewing the cross section diagram of the hull it can be seen that the sides of the vessel curve in at the top as to finish inboard of the edge  of the deck, ie the extreme of the deck on both port and starboard overhangs the top of the hull wall. The result of this design is that it aided self trimming of the vessel. The Sheaf Water was also constructed with large cargo hatches as can be seen in the diagram, this being in order to add ease to the trimming out of bulk cargoes such as coal or grain when loading, ie the level and even distribution of a given bulk cargo in order to retain the trim / balance of the vessel.

Despite the advantages claimed on the part of the arched deckers they did not prove popular and therefore only a few of these vessels were ever built.

In all there were only 28 arch deckers ever built, these  being from 1911 to 1928. The last vessel built was by Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd. In addition to Swan, Hunter there were several additional companies that built the arch decker, these including the Burntisland Shipbuiling Company, Osbourne, Graham & CoLtd and the Blyth Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co Ltd. Of note, the Burntisland Shipbuilding Company was founded by Amos Ayre and his brother Wilfred Ayre, Amos being one of the co designers of the arch deck.  The first arch decker was built in1911, this being the Edenor built by Osbourne, Graham & Co Ltd.  The arch deck was designed  by Amos Ayre and Maxwell Ballard. They patented their design in 1909. Research has shown that up until 1924 when Ayre and Ballard applied for an extension on the term of their patent only 23 arch deckers had been built, (1911) 1 /  (1912) 2 / (1913) 3 / (1914) 6 / (1922) 5 /  (1923) 1 / (1924) 5. As can be seen, 23 vessels built in 13 years  shows they were obviously not a popular design.  In addition, only another 5 vessels were built over the following 4 years.

Circumstances of loss ...  On the 7th October 1942, the Sheaf Water along with twenty five other vessels of convoy FN-832 (FN-32 phase 9) came under attack from German S-Boats whilst en route from Southend to Methill in Scotland. Three groups of S-Boats were situated off Cromer with the intention of intercepting passing convoys. Of these groups nine S-Boats intercepted the convoy. These in turn being six boats from the S-Boat 2nd Flotilla and three boats from the 4th S-Boat Flotilla. During the attack a total of five vessels from the convoy were lost off the Norfolk coast. Those lost were ML 339, Jessie Maersk, HMS Caroline Moller, Ilse and the Sheaf Water. The ML 339, Jessie Maersk and the Caroline Moller all sank rapidly. The Sheaf Water and the Ilse though having sustained heavy damage during the attack managed to stay afloat and were in turn both taken in tow heading in a southerly direction. Sadly the damage sustained proved to be to much for either vessel to cope with. The Sheaf Water sank 1.5 miles NNE of Sea Palling and the Ilse sank 3 miles NE of Sea Palling.




The Sheaf Water today (2024) ... The Sheaf Water was dispersed in 1947 and swept clear to 24 feet. Today the remains of the Sheaf Water are very broken and scattered due to the effects of dispersal.

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